The Application of CO2 Heat Pump Air Conditioning Systems in Electric Buses: A Case Study of Solaris

In the realm of public transportation, electric buses are increasingly being recognized as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional diesel-powered vehicles. However, one of the challenges faced by electric buses is the heating system during winter, as electric buses do not have waste heat to utilize and electric heating can lead to significant battery energy consumption, thereby reducing driving range. Many bus manufacturers have resorted to equipping electric buses with diesel heaters to address this issue. While this method effectively solves the problem of heating in low temperatures, it contradicts the original intention of promoting electric vehicles.

Solaris, a leading manufacturer of electric buses, has taken a different approach by applying transcritical CO2 heat pump air conditioning systems to its electric buses. This innovative solution not only ensures heating requirements during winter but also significantly reduces battery energy consumption, thereby increasing driving range.

The transcritical CO2 heat pump air conditioning system leverages the unique properties of CO2 as a refrigerant. Unlike traditional refrigerants, CO2 has a higher critical temperature and pressure, allowing it to operate efficiently even in low temperatures. This system captures heat from the ambient environment and transfers it to the passenger compartment, providing a comfortable indoor climate without consuming excessive battery energy.

The adoption of the transcritical CO2 heat pump air conditioning system by Solaris represents a significant step forward in the development of electric buses. It demonstrates the potential of using alternative refrigerants and technologies to address the heating challenges faced by electric buses while promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

In conclusion, the application of transcritical CO2 heat pump air conditioning systems in electric buses, as demonstrated by Solaris, provides a promising solution to the heating challenges faced by these vehicles. By reducing battery energy consumption and increasing driving range, this technology contributes to the wider adoption of electric buses and the transition to a more sustainable transportation system.